Clasificación de las fibras textiles

Se describe la clasificación de las fibras textiles en función de su procedencia y del tipo de polímero que la compone.https://polimedia.upv.es/visor/?id=1a05718d-14e6-2346-b978-3f1780efd331Bonet Aracil, MA. (2013). Clasificación de las fibras textiles. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/2993

Optimization of tea extracts composition to dye cotton. Time and temperature influence

[EN] The last few years natural dyes rose in value. Some synthetics dyes are proven to be environmentally harmful and can cause negative effects. Due to the eco awareness the natural dyes were again wildly used. Tea extracts from the Camellia sinensis plant were used. Tea has a large range of phytoconstituents and some can be transferred onto the cotton fabric. The optimal time and temperature to obtain as many phytoconstituents as possible had to be established. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction process from tea so as to apply the maximum concentration of phytoconstituents onto the textile fibers and improve the cotton functionalization (Ultra violet protection for example) once it is dyed with the extract. Results demonstrate time and temperature had a great influence on the optimization of the tea extracts. We could conclude that after 2 hours the most polyphenols, hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins are obtained and increasing the time didn’t add any value. The temperature was a really important factor because the polyphenols derived around 70 °C so both the extraction temperature and dyeing treatment should be below 70 °C. Wastewater were characterized in order to determine the phytoconstituents were in the cotton fibres.Lambrecht, L.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Bou-Belda, E.; Bonet Aracil, MA. (2020). Optimization of tea extracts composition to dye cotton. Time and temperature influence. Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering. 1(1):3-7. https://doi.org/10.4995/jarte.2020.13480OJS371

Irrigation Scheduling in Idaho

Scheduling the timing and amount of irrigation water applied has changed very little during the last two decades. Professional irrigation scheduling services are rapidly expanding and many of the companies are using a computer program developed by the USDA. This program uses meteorological, soil and crop data to predict irrigation dates and amounts. Service companies modify the program to fit their needs. Periodic field inspections are provided by trained technicians as part of scheduling service. This paper briefly describes the development of the computer program and the current status of its application in Idaho

Textile industry indicators for management

Traditional accounting is based on financial indicators; the balanced scorecard divides management into different perspectives, some authors suggesting no more than four or five for each company. To measure each perspective some indicators should be defined. The aim of this work is to propose some indicators that fit each perspective for some textile companies that work in weaving fabrics. These indicators are specific for them, and very useful to help companies' management in the current circumstances of globalisation. Businesses must strive to increase their competitive advantage, which will increasingly depend on the parameters of innovation, development of new products, versatility, quality, costs, etc., and indicators will measure it.Montava Seguí, IJ.; García Paya, R.; Bonet Aracil, MA.; Díaz-García, P. (2010). Textile industry indicators for management. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. 21(1):1-9. doi:10.1080/14783360903492470S19211Heredia Álvaro, J. A. (2001). Sistema de indicadores para la mejora y el control integrado de la calidad de los procesos. doi:10.6035/athenea.2001.4Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2001). The strategy-focused organization. Strategy & Leadership, 29(3). doi:10.1108/sl.2001.26129cab.002Lleonart, P. and Garola, [Agrave]. 2003. “El impacto de la liberización de los intercambios comerciales en el sector textil confección. Gabinet D'estudis Econòmics S.A. Josep MaArús, Estudis Econòmics I Serveis Empresarials. Minesterio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Boletin Económico de ICE, 2868”. 47–5

Thermal behaviour of microencapsulated fragances on cotton fabrics

Microencapsulated products are very common in some fields, such as pharmacy, and the textile industry has recently incorporated them into their products. First, this research assessed the presence of fragrance microcapsules on cotton fabric using different padding applications and evaluated them using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). When the OH stretching region between 3700-3000 cm(-1) from spectra was examined, we proposed some area ratios to quantify the microcapsules' presence on the fabric. The ratios proposed showed that when the concentration of microcapsules in the padding bath increased, their value increased too. Secondly, we analyzed the effect that thermal treatment can cause on microcapsules. This was undertaken using hot air at 120 degrees C, 140 degrees C and 160 degrees C, or by ironing the fabric impregnated with microcapsules at 110 degrees C, 150 degrees C and 200 degrees C, by ironing 1, 5 and 10 times on the analyzed zone. It was found that when the temperature was higher than 120 degrees C, microcapsules were deflated and damaged. This could be seen using SEM images and checked using FTIR analysis.The authors are grateful to COLOR CENTER Company for kindly providing the microencapsulated samples used in this study. The Universidad Politecnica de Valencia also deserves acknowledgement for its financial support in the form of 'Interdisciplinary projects research line' for the research project from which these results derive. We acknowledge central service of microscopy, and the R&D+i Linguistic Assistance Office, at the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia for their help in revising and correcting this paper.Monllor Pérez, P.; Sánchez Nacher, L.; Cases Iborra, FJ.; Bonet Aracil, MA. (2009). Thermal behaviour of microencapsulated fragances on cotton fabrics. Textile Research Journal. 79(4):365-380. doi:10.1177/0040517508097520S365380794Hong, K., & Park, S. (1999). Melamine resin microcapsules containing fragrant oil: synthesis and characterization. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 58(2), 128-131. doi:10.1016/s0254-0584(98)00263-6Chao-Xia, W., & Shui-Lin, C. (2004). Anchoring beta-cyclodextrin to retain fragrances on cotton by means of heterobifunctional reactive dyes. Coloration Technology, 120(1), 14-18. doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2004.tb00200.xNelson, G. (2008). Microencapsulates in textile coloration and finishing. Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics, 21(1), 72-85. doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1991.tb00082.xNelson, G. (2008). Microencapsulation in textile finishing. Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics, 31(1), 57-64. doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2001.tb00138.xNelson, G. (2002). Application of microencapsulation in textiles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 242(1-2), 55-62. doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00141-2Park, S.-J., Shin, Y.-S., & Lee, J.-R. (2001). Preparation and Characterization of Microcapsules Containing Lemon Oil. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 241(2), 502-508. doi:10.1006/jcis.2001.7727Xu, Y., & Du, Y. (2003). Effect of molecular structure of chitosan on protein delivery properties of chitosan nanoparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 250(1), 215-226. doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00548-3Ré, M. ., & Biscans, B. (1999). Preparation of microspheres of ketoprofen with acrylic polymers by a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. Powder Technology, 101(2), 120-133. doi:10.1016/s0032-5910(98)00163-6Moya, S., Sukhorukov, G. ., Auch, M., Donath, E., & Möhwald, H. (1999). Microencapsulation of Organic Solvents in Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Micrometer-Sized Shells. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 216(2), 297-302. doi:10.1006/jcis.1999.6286Wilson, R. C., & Pfohl, W. F. (2000). Study of cross-linking reactions of melamine/formaldehyde resin with hydroxyl functional polyester by generalized 2-D infrared spectroscopy. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 23(1), 13-22. doi:10.1016/s0924-2031(99)00072-7Bhandari, B., D’Arcy, B., & Young, G. (2001). Flavour retention during high temperature short time extrusion cooking process: a review. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 36(5), 453-461. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2621.2001.00495.xYuan, L., Liang, G., Xie, J., & He, S.-B. (2007). Synthesis and characterization of microencapsulated dicyclopentadiene with melamine–formaldehyde resins. Colloid and Polymer Science, 285(7), 781-791. doi:10.1007/s00396-006-1621-5Luo, W., Yang, W., Jiang, S., Feng, J., & Yang, M. (2007). Microencapsulation of decabromodiphenyl ether by in situ polymerization: Preparation and characterization. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92(7), 1359-1364. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.004Monllor, P., Bonet, M. A., & Cases, F. (2007). Characterization of the behaviour of flavour microcapsules in cotton fabrics. European Polymer Journal, 43(6), 2481-2490. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.04.004Muzzarelli, C., Stanic, V., Gobbi, L., Tosi, G., & Muzzarelli, R. A. A. (2004). Spray-drying of solutions containing chitosan together with polyuronans and characterisation of the microspheres. Carbohydrate Polymers, 57(1), 73-82. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.04.00

Surface Modification of Polypropilene Non-woven Substrates by Padding with Antistatic Agents for Deposition of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nanofiber Webs by Electrospinning

In recent years, the electrospinning process has become one of the most interesting processes to obtain nanofiber webs with interesting properties for uses in a wide variety of industrial sectors such as filtration, chemical barriers, medical devices, etc., as a consequence of the relatively high surface-to-volume ratio. Among the wide variety of polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) offers good advantages since it is water-soluble and this fact enables easy processing by electrospinning. There are many variables and parameters to be considered in order to optimize PVA nanofiber webs: some of them are related to the polymer solution, some others are related to the process, and some of them are related to the collector substrate. In this work a study on the effects of two different surface pre-treatments on a nonwoven polypropylene substrate as a collector of PVA nanofiber webs has been carried out. In particular, a chemical treatment with anionic antistatics and a physical treatment with lowpressure plasma have been investigated. The effects of these pre-treatments on morphology of PVA nanofiber webs have been evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that surface resistivity is one of the main parameters influencing the web formation as well as the nature of the electric charge achieved by the pre-treatment. The plasma treatment promotes changes in surface resistivity but it is not enough for good web deposition. Chemical pre-treatment (padding) with anionic antistatic leads to a decrease in surface resistivity up to values in the 1 × 109– 1 × 1011 Ω which is enough for good nanofiber deposition.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, grant number DPI2007-66849-C02-02.Blanes, M.; Marco, B.; Gisbert, MJ.; Bonet Aracil, MA.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2010). Surface Modification of Polypropilene Non-woven Substrates by Padding with Antistatic Agents for Deposition of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nanofiber Webs by Electrospinning. Textile Research Journal. 80(13):1335-1346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517509358801S133513468013Burger, C., Hsiao, B. S., & Chu, B. (2006). NANOFIBROUS MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. Annual Review of Materials Research, 36(1), 333-368. doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.36.011205.123537Dersch, R., Steinhart, M., Boudriot, U., Greiner, A., & Wendorff, J. H. (2005). Nanoprocessing of polymers: applications in medicine, sensors, catalysis, photonics. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 16(2-3), 276-282. doi:10.1002/pat.568Frenot, A., & Chronakis, I. S. (2003). Polymer nanofibers assembled by electrospinning. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 8(1), 64-75. doi:10.1016/s1359-0294(03)00004-9GOPAL, R., KAUR, S., MA, Z., CHAN, C., RAMAKRISHNA, S., & MATSUURA, T. (2006). Electrospun nanofibrous filtration membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 281(1-2), 581-586. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.04.026Qin, X.-H., & Wang, S.-Y. (2006). Filtration properties of electrospinning nanofibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102(2), 1285-1290. doi:10.1002/app.24361Ren, G., Xu, X., Liu, Q., Cheng, J., Yuan, X., Wu, L., & Wan, Y. (2006). Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/glucose oxidase biocomposite membranes for biosensor applications. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 66(12), 1559-1564. doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.05.005Lee, S., & Obendorf, S. K. (2007). Use of Electrospun Nanofiber Web for Protective Textile Materials as Barriers to Liquid Penetration. Textile Research Journal, 77(9), 696-702. doi:10.1177/0040517507080284Heikkilä, P., Sipilä, A., Peltola, M., Harlin, A., & Taipale, A. (2007). Electrospun PA-66 Coating on Textile Surfaces. Textile Research Journal, 77(11), 864-870. doi:10.1177/0040517507078241Boudriot, U., Dersch, R., Greiner, A., & Wendorff, J. H. (2006). Electrospinning Approaches Toward Scaffold Engineering?A Brief Overview. Artificial Organs, 30(10), 785-792. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2006.00301.xButtafoco, L., Kolkman, N. G., Engbers-Buijtenhuijs, P., Poot, A. A., Dijkstra, P. J., Vermes, I., & Feijen, J. (2006). Electrospinning of collagen and elastin for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials, 27(5), 724-734. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.024Lee, L. J. (2006). Polymer Nanoengineering for Biomedical Applications. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34(1), 75-88. doi:10.1007/s10439-005-9011-6Chew, S. Y., Hufnagel, T. C., Lim, C. T., & Leong, K. W. (2006). Mechanical properties of single electrospun drug-encapsulated nanofibres. Nanotechnology, 17(15), 3880-3891. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/17/15/045Huang, Z.-M., He, C.-L., Yang, A., Zhang, Y., Han, X.-J., Yin, J., & Wu, Q. (2006). Encapsulating drugs in biodegradable ultrafine fibers through co-axial electrospinning. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 77A(1), 169-179. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30564Kim, H.-W., Lee, H.-H., & Knowles, J. C. (2006). Electrospinning biomedical nanocomposite fibers of hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic acid) for bone regeneration. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 79A(3), 643-649. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30866Taepaiboon, P., Rungsardthong, U., & Supaphol, P. (2006). Drug-loaded electrospun mats of poly(vinyl alcohol) fibres and their release characteristics of four model drugs. Nanotechnology, 17(9), 2317-2329. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/17/9/041Ding, B., Kim, H.-Y., Lee, S.-C., Shao, C.-L., Lee, D.-R., Park, S.-J., … Choi, K.-J. (2002). Preparation and characterization of a nanoscale poly(vinyl alcohol) fiber aggregate produced by an electrospinning method. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 40(13), 1261-1268. doi:10.1002/polb.10191Cui, W., Li, X., Zhou, S., & Weng, J. (2006). Investigation on process parameters of electrospinning system through orthogonal experimental design. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 103(5), 3105-3112. doi:10.1002/app.25464Deitzel, J. ., Kleinmeyer, J., Harris, D., & Beck Tan, N. . (2001). The effect of processing variables on the morphology of electrospun nanofibers and textiles. Polymer, 42(1), 261-272. doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00250-0Lyons, J., Li, C., & Ko, F. (2004). Melt-electrospinning part I: processing parameters and geometric properties. Polymer, 45(22), 7597-7603. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.08.071Theron, S. A., Zussman, E., & Yarin, A. L. (2004). Experimental investigation of the governing parameters in the electrospinning of polymer solutions. Polymer, 45(6), 2017-2030. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.024Kilic, A., Oruc, F., & Demir, A. (2008). Effects of Polarity on Electrospinning Process. Textile Research Journal, 78(6), 532-539. doi:10.1177/0040517507081296Reneker, D. H., & Chun, I. (1996). Nanometre diameter fibres of polymer, produced by electrospinning. Nanotechnology, 7(3), 216-223. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/7/3/009Lee, J. S., Choi, K. H., Ghim, H. D., Kim, S. S., Chun, D. H., Kim, H. Y., & Lyoo, W. S. (2004). Role of molecular weight of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the structure and properties of PVA nanofabric prepared by electrospinning. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 93(4), 1638-1646. doi:10.1002/app.20602Mit-uppatham, C., Nithitanakul, M., & Supaphol, P. (2004). Effects of Solution Concentration, Emitting Electrode Polarity, Solvent Type, and Salt Addition on Electrospun Polyamide-6 Fibers: A Preliminary Report. Macromolecular Symposia, 216(1), 293-300. doi:10.1002/masy.200451227Kim, S. J., Lee, C. K., & Kim, S. I. (2005). Effect of ionic salts on the processing of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) nanofibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96(4), 1388-1393. doi:10.1002/app.21567ZHANG, C., YUAN, X., WU, L., & SHENG, J. (2006). PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFINE FIBROUS POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) MEMBRANES BY ELECTROSPINNING. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 006(2), 294-297. doi:10.3724/sp.j.1105.2006.00294Supaphol, P., & Chuangchote, S. (2008). On the electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber mats: A revisit. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 108(2), 969-978. doi:10.1002/app.27664Jones, R. N. (1962). THE EFFECTS OF CHAIN LENGTH ON THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF FATTY ACIDS AND METHYL ESTERS. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 40(2), 321-333. doi:10.1139/v62-050Yao, L., Haas, T. W., Guiseppi-Elie, A., Bowlin, G. L., Simpson, D. G., & Wnek, G. E. (2003). Electrospinning and Stabilization of Fully Hydrolyzed Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers. Chemistry of Materials, 15(9), 1860-1864. doi:10.1021/cm0210795Wei, Q. F., Gao, W. D., Hou, D. Y., & Wang, X. Q. (2005). Surface modification of polymer nanofibres by plasma treatment. Applied Surface Science, 245(1-4), 16-20. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.10.013Garcia, D., Sanchez, L., Fenollar, O., Lopez, R., & Balart, R. (2008). Modification of polypropylene surface by CH4–O2 low-pressure plasma to improve wettability. Journal of Materials Science, 43(10), 3466-3473. doi:10.1007/s10853-007-2322-2López, R., Sanchis, R., García, D., Fenollar, O., & Balart, R. (2009). Surface characterization of hydrophilic coating obtained by low-pressure CH4O2plasma treatment on a polypropylene film. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 111(6), 2992-2997. doi:10.1002/app.29324Tsai, P. P., Schreuder-Gibson, H., & Gibson, P. (2002). Different electrostatic methods for making electret filters. Journal of Electrostatics, 54(3-4), 333-341. doi:10.1016/s0304-3886(01)00160-

A new development for determining the ultraviolet protection factor

Ultraviolet radiation has become an increasing problem in recent years. It causes many injuries in humans giving rise to the need for protection against ultraviolet radiation, which can be provided by textiles with a high ultraviolet protection factor. This factor can be determined by a variety of established methods. This work focuses on establishing a new methodology for determining the ultraviolet protection factor value using an ultraviolet lamp and a detector. The fabric is to be tested is placed between the ultraviolet lamp and the detector. The new method has the advantages of the existing systems but also minimizes the disadvantages. This will involve a major statistical study using linear regression. The statistical study will be completed with the analysis of residuals using the Shapiro–Wilks test, Gauss–Markov theorem, simple Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures, and autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation plots. The measurement error and the deviation of the samples is less than the measurement error committed by the spectrophotometric technique.Campos Payá, J.; Díaz-García, P.; Montava Seguí, IJ.; Miró Martínez, P.; Bonet Aracil, MA. (2016). A new development for determining the ultraviolet protection factor. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 45(6):1571-1586. doi:10.1177/1528083714567238S1571158645

Influence of glyoxal in the physical characterization of PVA nanofibres

[EN] The influence of solution composition is directly related to the properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. Electrospinning is a viable technique to develop PVA nanofibers. The presence of a crosslinking agent such as glyoxal can produce variations not only in anti-water solubility effect, but also in the morphology of the electrodeposited fibers. The objective of this study was to characterize the influence of glyoxal on PVA nanofibers. Thus, we studied fiber dimensions, the weight of deposited fibers, and fiber crystallinity. The relation between those properties and the properties of the nanofiber web (color, opacity, and roughness) were studied. In this study we changed glyoxal concentration. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy showed changes in the fiber properties. We could observe how the diameter fiber increased, the collector surface was widely covered, and the fiber crystallinity decreased. Regarding the properties of the web, the roughness decreased and the color turned whiter.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACION. Ref: CIT-020000-2008-016 for financial support. Also, the microscopy services at UPV are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance in using AFM techniques, and Octavio Fenollar at UPV is gratefully acknowledged for his assistance in using calorimetric techniques.Blanes, M.; Gisbert, MJ.; Marco, B.; Bonet Aracil, MA.; Gisbert Paya, J.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2010). Influence of glyoxal in the physical characterization of PVA nanofibres. Textile Research Journal. 80(14):1465-1472. doi:10.1177/0040517509357654S14651472801

Exploring reuse of industrial wastewater from exhaust dyebaths by solar-based photo-Fenton treatment

The aim of the research under discussion in the present paper is to study the decolorization and mineralization of textile industrial wastewaters from exhaust dyebaths by means of a solar photo-Fenton treatment. The exhaust dyebaths were grouped according to the fibers and dyeing recipes used, so as to verify the effectiveness of the photo-Fenton treatment on each dyeing process separately. Next, the results previously achieved were compared to those obtained by mixing all the exhaust baths together, as is common practice when treating the industrial textile effluents from dyeing and finishing procedures. After their neutralization and filtration, photo-Fenton-treated exhaust dyebaths and mixtures were reused to prepare laboratory dyeing samples. These techniques on the reuse of wastewaters were tested on several fibers by using the same dyeing procedure that was originally applied, as well as in different dyeing processes and for most fiber types. The results achieved showed that the reutilization of the aforementioned effluents, either in new exhaust dyebaths or in some other textile industrial operations, was of some considerable importance. Water consumption would be significantly reduced as well as the wastewater levies for the firms. Furthermore, the contaminating effect of the industrial effluents to be dealt with would be also diminished, reaping environmental and economic benefits.Sanz Carbonell, JF.; Monllor Pérez, P.; Vicente Candela, R.; Amat Payá, AM.; Arques Sanz, A.; Bonet Aracil, MA. (2013). Exploring reuse of industrial wastewater from exhaust dyebaths by solar-based photo-Fenton treatment. Textile Research Journal. 83(13):1325-1332. doi:10.1177/0040517512467061S13251332831

El tratamiento con enzimas como método de erradicar la fibrilación del Lyocell

[EN] La fibra lyocell posee características ventajosas en cuanto a propiedades mecánicas sobre otras fibras artificiales, en cambio este tipo de fibra tiende a la fibrilación en condiciones de abrasión en húmedo. En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento de la fibra lyocell ante un tratamiento enzimático, utilizando dos tipos de enzimas, con el objeto de eliminar la fibrilación producida en la superficie del tejido por diversos ciclos de lavado.Bou-Belda, E.; Montava Seguí, IJ.; Bonet Aracil, MA.; Díaz-García, P. (2013). El tratamiento con enzimas como método de erradicar la fibrilación del Lyocell. Compobell, S.L. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/74265